Soil - thin upper layer of the earth's crust, which gives life to plants. These are independent the natural body, which is something is average between the living and dead substance. In the soil interact the lithosphere, the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, and the density of the living substance of planet is maximum.Most valuable property of soil - fertility, i.e., the ability to ensure plants with the necessary nutrients and moisture.
Soil consists of mineral particles, organic matter in essence of plant origin, ground water, soil air and its populating living organisms. In different regions of the Earth the thickness of soil varies from several centimeters to 2-3 meters. Soil is formed very slowly, for the complete renovation of its mineral part at the depth 1 m it is necessary of 10 000 years.The founder of the contemporary pedologyconsidered that, it is similar to minerals, plants and animals, soils are special natural history bodies. They are formed under the effect of several factors of soil formation, which act simultaneously.The rocks, on which are formed the soils, are called maternal or soil-forming, they serve as the source of the mineral part of the soil and is determined its chemical, mineral and mechanical composition.On climate depend the thermal and hydrological conditions of soil formation, and also the speed of the weathering of the rocks. Vegetation supplies the soil organic matter and it noticeably influences its microclimate.Animals the microorganisms, which populate soil, intermix and loosen it, and they also accelerate the decomposition of organic remainders.
Depending on relief are redistributed heat- and moisture, and chemical composition and regime of ground and ground water act on many soil processes.On the forming of soil economic human activity has an enormous effect: it cultivates the earth, and in order to obtain a good harvest, it introduces into the soil of fertilizer.The formation of soil begins from the weathering - destruction and crushing of the rocks. At the friable mass appear the first bacteria, fungi and algae. In the process of their vital activity is formed the thin film of organic matter, on which first settle the lowest plants - mosses and lichens. The dying off plants and the remains of animals process microorganisms, organic
Soil consists of mineral particles, organic matter in essence of plant origin, ground water, soil air and its populating living organisms. In different regions of the Earth the thickness of soil varies from several centimeters to 2-3 meters. Soil is formed very slowly, for the complete renovation of its mineral part at the depth 1 m it is necessary of 10 000 years.The founder of the contemporary pedologyconsidered that, it is similar to minerals, plants and animals, soils are special natural history bodies. They are formed under the effect of several factors of soil formation, which act simultaneously.The rocks, on which are formed the soils, are called maternal or soil-forming, they serve as the source of the mineral part of the soil and is determined its chemical, mineral and mechanical composition.On climate depend the thermal and hydrological conditions of soil formation, and also the speed of the weathering of the rocks. Vegetation supplies the soil organic matter and it noticeably influences its microclimate.Animals the microorganisms, which populate soil, intermix and loosen it, and they also accelerate the decomposition of organic remainders.
Depending on relief are redistributed heat- and moisture, and chemical composition and regime of ground and ground water act on many soil processes.On the forming of soil economic human activity has an enormous effect: it cultivates the earth, and in order to obtain a good harvest, it introduces into the soil of fertilizer.The formation of soil begins from the weathering - destruction and crushing of the rocks. At the friable mass appear the first bacteria, fungi and algae. In the process of their vital activity is formed the thin film of organic matter, on which first settle the lowest plants - mosses and lichens. The dying off plants and the remains of animals process microorganisms, organic
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