After allowing “Frahm” to freeze in into drifting pack ice, Nansen expected to move with it into the region of the north pole, and to then leave ship and to continue way on the canine harnesses and on skis. However, drift passed south, than it was assumed, and Nansen's attempt to reach pole on skis was not crowned with success. After passing more than 3000 miles from the Novosibirsk islands to the West Coast of Spitsbergen, “Frahm” gathered unique information about drifting ices and influence on their motion of period of Earth's rotation on its axis.
With the approach to the high latitudes the ships are encountered with floating ices. Sea ice frames Antarctica by wide border, covers the water area of Arctic Ocean. In contrast to the land ice, formed from atmospheric precipitations and of the covering Antarctica, Greenland, islands polar archipelagoes, these ices - frozen sea water. In the polar regions sea ices are long-standing, whereas in the temperate latitudes water freezes only into the cold seasons. How does freeze sea water? When the temperature of water descends below zero, on its surface is formed the thin layer of ice, which breaks with the wind-generated sea. It repeatedly into the small tiles, again it is cleft, until forms the so-called icy fat - spongy ice floes, which then grow together with each other. Such an ice is called pancake for its similarity to the rounded pancakes on surface water. The sections of such an ice form new ice - newly formed ice. This ice becomes stronger and thickens with each year. It can become old ice with a thickness of more than 3 m, and it can melt, if flows carry ice floes into the warmer waters. The displacement of ices is called drift. With drifting (or pack) ices sweep around the Canadian Arctic archipelago, on the coasts of northern and Novaya Zemlya. Arctic ices drift with the speed several kilometers during the day.
With the approach to the high latitudes the ships are encountered with floating ices. Sea ice frames Antarctica by wide border, covers the water area of Arctic Ocean. In contrast to the land ice, formed from atmospheric precipitations and of the covering Antarctica, Greenland, islands polar archipelagoes, these ices - frozen sea water. In the polar regions sea ices are long-standing, whereas in the temperate latitudes water freezes only into the cold seasons. How does freeze sea water? When the temperature of water descends below zero, on its surface is formed the thin layer of ice, which breaks with the wind-generated sea. It repeatedly into the small tiles, again it is cleft, until forms the so-called icy fat - spongy ice floes, which then grow together with each other. Such an ice is called pancake for its similarity to the rounded pancakes on surface water. The sections of such an ice form new ice - newly formed ice. This ice becomes stronger and thickens with each year. It can become old ice with a thickness of more than 3 m, and it can melt, if flows carry ice floes into the warmer waters. The displacement of ices is called drift. With drifting (or pack) ices sweep around the Canadian Arctic archipelago, on the coasts of northern and Novaya Zemlya. Arctic ices drift with the speed several kilometers during the day.
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