Nature of the Arctic

By this Yakut word is designated the surprising form of relief - hill or mound with the ice nuclei inside. It is formed because of an increase of the volume of water with the freezing in the suprapermafrost layer. As a result ice raises the surface thickness of tundra and appears mound. Large (in Alaska of them they call eskimo word can reach to 30-50 m of height.

In the high north latitudes (this of territory and the water areas, which lie to the north from 65- y of parallel) are located the natural zone of Arctic deserts, the zone of eternal frost. The boundaries of this zone as the border of the Arctic, are sufficiently conditional. Although the space around the north pole does not have a land, its role here satisfy continuous and floating ices. In the high latitudes there are islands, the archipelagoes, washed by waters of Arctic Ocean, within their limits lie and the coastal zones of continents Eurasia and North America.

These pieces of land almost wholly or in larger their part are forged “eternal ices”, or more precisely, remainders of the enormous glaciers, which covered this part of the planet during the last glacial period. The Arctic glaciers of archipelagoes sometimes exceed the limits of land and get down in the sea as, for example, some glaciers Spitsbergen and the Earth Franz Joseph.