And they here very brief and transient - the upper layer of surface ground can thaw in the summer seasons. However, below 4 m is located the layer, which thaws never. Ground water can be located either under this frozen layer or remain in the liquid state between the permafrost thicknesses (it are formed water lenses - thawed reaches) or above the frozen layer. The upper layer, which is subjected to freezing and thawing, is called active layer.
POLYGONAL GROUND
Ice in ground can form icy veins. Frequently they appear in the places of the [ (resultant with the strong frost) cracks, filled with water. Ground between the cracks begins to squeeze with the freezing of this water, indeed ice occupies large area, than water. Is formed slightly the convex surface, by reductions. Such polygonal ground cover the substantial part of the surface of tundra. When brief summer begins and icy veins begin to thaw, are formed the entire spaces, similar to the lattice from the pieces of land, by aqueous “channels”. Among the polygonal formations rock polygons and rock rings are widespread. With repeated freezing and thawing of the earth occur the freezing, ejection by ice to the surface of the more coarse fragments, which are contained in ground. The sorting of ground in this way occurs, since its small particles remain in the center of rings and polygons, and coarse fragments displace to their edges. As a result appear the shafts of stones, which frame smaller material.
The mosses sometimes settle on it, and in autumn rock polygons strike with the unexpected beauty: bright mosses, sometimes with the bushes of cloudberry or the mountain cranberries, from all sides by gray stones, are similar to the specially made garden flower beds. In the diameter such polygons can reach 1 - 2 m. if surface not flat, but inclined, then polygons are converted into the rock strips. Freezing from ground of fragments leads to the fact that on the apical surfaces and the slopes of mountains and hills in the zone of tundra appears the chaotic piling up of the large stones, which are flowed together into the rock “seas” and “the rivers”. For them there is a name .
POLYGONAL GROUND
Ice in ground can form icy veins. Frequently they appear in the places of the [ (resultant with the strong frost) cracks, filled with water. Ground between the cracks begins to squeeze with the freezing of this water, indeed ice occupies large area, than water. Is formed slightly the convex surface, by reductions. Such polygonal ground cover the substantial part of the surface of tundra. When brief summer begins and icy veins begin to thaw, are formed the entire spaces, similar to the lattice from the pieces of land, by aqueous “channels”. Among the polygonal formations rock polygons and rock rings are widespread. With repeated freezing and thawing of the earth occur the freezing, ejection by ice to the surface of the more coarse fragments, which are contained in ground. The sorting of ground in this way occurs, since its small particles remain in the center of rings and polygons, and coarse fragments displace to their edges. As a result appear the shafts of stones, which frame smaller material.
The mosses sometimes settle on it, and in autumn rock polygons strike with the unexpected beauty: bright mosses, sometimes with the bushes of cloudberry or the mountain cranberries, from all sides by gray stones, are similar to the specially made garden flower beds. In the diameter such polygons can reach 1 - 2 m. if surface not flat, but inclined, then polygons are converted into the rock strips. Freezing from ground of fragments leads to the fact that on the apical surfaces and the slopes of mountains and hills in the zone of tundra appears the chaotic piling up of the large stones, which are flowed together into the rock “seas” and “the rivers”. For them there is a name .
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